A CDC compendium of effective fall interventions

Preventing Falls: A Guide to Implementing Effective Community-based Fall Prevention Programs, 4th Edition

The 4th edition of the Compendium describes:

• 34 single interventions:
  • 17 exercise interventions,
  • 5 home modification interventions, and
  • 12 clinical interventions.
• 16 multifaceted interventions addressing multiple risk factors.

Each intervention is presented using a standardized format that includes a short summary and additional implementation details:

• Purpose
• Program setting
• Content
• Number of sessions
• Duration
• Type of provider
• Provider’s training
• Key elements
• Available materials
• Contact information for the principal investigator

The Compendium also includes summary tables comparing characteristics of different interventions, a bibliography, and supplemental materials.

Table of contents

Introduction

Single Interventions

Exercise

• Stay Safe, Stay Active Barnett, et al. (2003)
• The Otago Exercise Program Campbell, et al. and Robertson, et al. (1997, 1999, 2001, 2005)
• LiFE (Lifestyle approach to reducing Falls through Exercise) Clemson, et al. (2012)
• Erlangen Fitness Intervention Freiberger, et al. (2007)
• Senior Fitness and Prevention (SEFIP) Kemmler, et al. (2010)
• Strength and Exercise Program Kim, et al. (2014)
• Adapted Physical Activity Program Kovacs, et al. (2013)
• Tai Chi: Moving for Better Balance Li, et al. (2005)
• Australian Group Exercise Program Lord, et al. (2003)
• Yaktrax^® Walker McKiernan (2005)
• Veterans Affairs Group Exercise Program Rubenstein, et al. (2000)
• PreFalls (Prevent Falls) Program Siegrest, et al. (2016)
• Falls Management Exercise (FaME) Intervention Skelton, et al. (2005)
• Music-Based Multitask Exercise Program Trombetti, et al. (2011)
• Central Sydney Tai Chi Trial Voukelatos, et al. (2007)
• Simplified Tai Chi Wolf, et al. (1996)
• Multi-target Stepping Program Yamada, et al. (2013)
• Table 1. Summary Table of Studies and Study Population
• Table 2. Study Methodology
• Table 3. Intervention Characteristics

Home Modification

• The VIP Trial Campbell, et al. (2005)
• An Occupational Therapy Falls Reduction Home Visit Program Chu, et al. (2017)
• Home Visits by an Occupational Therapist Cumming, et al. (1999)
• Falls-HIT (Home Intervention Team) Program Nikolaus, et al. (2003)
• Home Assessment and Modification Pighills, et al. (2011)
• Table 1. Summary Table of Studies and Study Population
• Table 2. Study Methodology
• Table 3. Intervention Characteristics

Clinical

• Three-Year Study of Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) Plus Calcium Bischoff-Ferrari, et al. (2006)
• Psychotropic Medication Withdrawal Campbell, et al. (1999)
• Active Vitamin D (Calcitriol) as a Falls Intervention Gallagher, et al. (2007)
• VISIBLE (Visual Intervention Strategy Incorporating Bifocal and Long-distance Eyewear) Study Haran, et al. (2010)
• Vitamin D to Prevent Falls After Hip Fracture Harwood, et al. (2004)
• Cataract Surgery Harwood, et al. (2006)
• Pacemaker Surgery Kenny, et al. (2001)
• Vibration Therapy Leung, et al. (2014)
• Perturbation-based Galt Stability Training Pai, et al. (2014)
• Study of 1000 IU Vitamin D Daily for One Year Pfeifer, et al. (2009)
• Quality Use of Medicines Program Pit, et al. (2007)
• Podiatry & Exercise Intervention Spink, et al. (2011)
• Table 1. Summary Table of Studies and Study Population Characteristics
• Table 2. Study Methodology
• Table 3. Intervention Characteristics

Multifaceted Interventions

• RESPOND Barker, et al. (2019)
• Stepping On Clemson, et al. (2004)
• PROFET (Prevention of Falls in the Elderly Trial) Close, et al. (1999)
• Living Independently and Falls-free Together (LIFT) Cohen, et al. (2015)
• Accident & Emergency Fallers Davison, et al. (2005)
• The NoFalls Intervention Day, et al. (2002)
• The SAFE Health Behavior and Exercise Intervention Hornbrook, et al. (1994)
• Falls Team Prevention Program Logan, et al. (2010)
• Steps to Avoid Falls in the Elderly (SAFE) Matchar, et al. (2017)
• KAAOS (Falls and Osteoporosis Clinic) Palvanen, et al. (2014)
• Multifactorial Fall Prevention Program Salminen, et al. (2009)
• Nijmegen Falls Prevention Program (NFPP) for adults with Osteoporosis Smulders, et al. (2010)
• The Winchester Falls Project Spice, et al. (2009)
• Yale FCSIT (Frailty and Injuries: Cooperative Studies of Intervention Techniques) Tinetti, et al. (1994)
• Effects of Vitamin D and Exercise on Falls Prevention in Older Women Trial (DEX) Uusi-Rasi, et al. (2015)
• A Multifactorial Program Wagner, et al. (1994)
• Table 1. Summary Table of Studies and Study Population Characteristics
• Table 2. Study Methodology
• Table 3. Intervention Characteristics

Appendices

Appendix A: Intervention Study Selection Process

Appendix B: Bibliography of Compendium Studies and Supplemental Articles

Appendix C: Original Intervention Materials